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The Iron Dome Military Revolution.
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Historically, defensive
measures lag behind offensive capabilities. Not so with Israel's new antimissile
system.
By MICHAEL OREN
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Two hundred years ago, during the War of 1812,
British cannonballs slammed into the hull of the USS Constitution—and bounced
off. "Huzzah," an American sailor shouted, "Her hull is made of iron!" In fact,
"Old Ironsides" was constructed of sturdy pine and oak, and real ironclad ships
didn't appear until a half-century later, when the Confederate Merrimack battled
the Union's Monitor to a stalemate. Not even the most powerful shell could
penetrate either warship's armor—a breakthrough in defensive
technology.
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Such revolutions are rare. Throughout the ages, defense has
lagged behind offense. Medieval rulers thickened and angled their castles' walls
to withstand and deflect artillery, but the walls inevitably crumbled. Knights
tempered their armor only to be felled by crossbows and muskets. Allied tanks
subdued German trenches in World War I, and German tanks in World War II
outflanked France's Maginot Line.
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Defenders were especially helpless
against rockets, from the Nazi V-1s and V-2s to Iraqi scuds. When Iranian-backed
terrorists in Lebanon and the Gaza Strip started firing thousands of rockets at
Israel, the Israeli military was forced to mount costly counter-strikes in 2006
and 2008.
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But today, the attacked in Israel are now trumping their
attackers. That is because, in the spirit of Old Ironsides and the ironclads,
Israel developed the Iron Dome antimissile system.
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From drawing board to
deployment in 2011, Israel completed the Iron Dome in a mere three years. The
first two batteries—developed and financed entirely by Israel—took down dozens
of Hamas rockets, making Iron Dome the first antimissile system ever to succeed
in combat. The generous support of President Obama and the U.S. Congress enabled
the construction of four additional batteries. Ultimately, 10 to 13 batteries
and a full complement of interceptors will be needed to defend the entire
country.
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Intercepting supersonic projectiles in mid-flight is literally
rocket science. Israeli engineers pulled off the feat by combining cutting-edge
tracking radar with electro-optic sensors and mounting them on highly mobile,
all-weather air-defense systems. Iron Dome can hit multiple types of rockets and
missiles at ranges of up to 75 kilometers. It can also be relocated swiftly to
new sites and radically different terrain. (As part of our vast alliance with
the United States, we have offered to share this pioneering
technology.)
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Most ingeniously, the Iron Dome determines within split
seconds whether an incoming rocket is headed for an open space or a populated
area—and saves its fire for the latter case. Millions of Israelis live within
the terrorists' range, with as little as 15 seconds to reach a bomb
shelter.
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By neutralizing most rockets headed for populated areas, the
Iron Dome gives decision makers invaluable time to find diplomatic solutions. If
salvos of rockets were pummeling Israeli homes, hospitals and schools, Israeli
leaders would be under immense pressure to order ground operations that could
yield significant casualties. By denying the terrorists a decisive offensive
advantage, Iron Dome will save lives and prevent wars.
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Before Israel's
recent Operation Pillar of Defense, Gaza terrorists fired some 700 rockets and
mortars at southern Israel, many of which were taken out by Iron Dome. Still
Israel was forced to take action, mounting precise sorties against terrorists
and launch sites. In turn the terrorists fired 1,500 rockets, some aimed at
Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. These might have inflicted severe human and material
loss, but Iron Dome downed nearly 85% of those headed toward populated
areas.
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Combined with Israel's world-class civil-defense system, Iron Dome
thwarted the terrorists' aim to wreak intolerable damage. Consequently, Israeli
leaders had the time and space needed to join with U.S. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton and Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi in working out a
cease-fire. More than 50,000 Israeli reservists who had assembled on Gaza's
border returned peacefully to their families.
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Iron Dome is thus a
game-changer, but it isn't a game-ender. Terrorists on our borders have more
than 70,000 rockets, and 15 of every 100 fired can still get through the Iron
Dome. The danger even of conventional warheads is unacceptable, but nuclear
warheads would pose an existential threat. That is why, together with the U.S.,
Israel has developed the Arrow to intercept orbital and suborbital ballistic
missiles, and we have successfully tested David's Sling, a long-range
rocket-defense system.
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These innovations will not only protect Israel but
enhance security for America and its allies world-wide. Yet no air-defense
system is foolproof, and robust offensive capabilities remain necessary to
protect Israelis from harm. Iron hulls once made war ships invulnerable, but the
skies cannot be armored. At least Iron Dome, along with Arrow and David's Sling,
makes them safer.
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Mr. Oren is Israel's ambassador to the United
States.
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Synagogues and churches are places of worship and not of ''warship''
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